Because no vendor seems to know, I contacted Dometic. It took a few days but I received a reply to explain. I don't know how these distinctions account for the large price difference from one model to the next but here is:
"Good Morning
I’ve attached literature for these toilets. We don’t offer a 500 toilet. It is the 500 Series toilets.
The 510+ toilet bolts at the floor flange using 4 bolts. It is a standard height toilet.
The 510H toilet bolts at the floor flange using 2 bolts and 2 lag bolts. It is also standard height.
The 511 toilet bolts at the floor flange using 4 bolts. It is a short profile toilet.
All of these toilets come in white or bone color and you can also order them with a hand spray to wash out the bowl.
I hope this information is helpful.
Thank you."
DMTC 500H vs 500 Plus sheet PRINT.pdf